expression e\wish and hope

INTRODUCTION

Background

          Grammar is one part in learning English which should get priority especially in teaching and learning process. Grammar has an important role in English teaching and learning process because grammar permeates all language skills such as speaking, reading, writing, and listening. These four skills are usually considered as integrated system because they support each other. To most people, speaking is the most difficult part in learning a foreign language because it is usage sense involves the manifestation either of the phonological system or the grammatical system of the language.

Learner are often hesitate to speak because they are afraid of pronouncing the words correctly or they feel really shy about talking in front of the other because they don’t know how to speak correctly. For example if they want to give some advice for their friend, they must know the rule or the correct phrase for giving advice. It also works when we want to expressing wishes and hopes, we must know how to express wishing and hoping with correct way, word and phrase. Expressing wishes and hopes is really important. Expressing wishes and hopes always happen in our dailylife whatever it’s on purpose or spontaneous. So how we can express the wishing and hoping if we don’t know the correct words and phrase to expressing wishes and hopes. Because of that reason, the writer make a paper with title “Expressing Wishes and Hopes” to help the learner for expressing surprise correctly.

DISCUSION

A.    Wish

Let's start off with the easy part. ' I wish to' can mean the same as 'I want to' but it is much, much more formal and much, much less common.

• I wish to make a complaint.
• I wish to see the manager.

You can also use 'wish' with a noun to 'offer good wishes'.

• I wish you all the best in your new job.
• We wish you a merry Christmas.

Notice that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope ' and not 'wish'.

• We wish you the best of luck.
• We hope you have the best of luck.
• I wish you a safe and pleasant journey.
• I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey.

However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.

• I wish I was rich.
• He wishes he lived in Paris.
• They wish they'd chosen a different leader.

Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning.

• I'm too fat. I wish I was thin.
• I never get invited to parties. I wish I got invited to parties.
• It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
• I went to see the latest Star Wars film. I wish I hadn't gone.
• I've eaten too much. I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
• I'm going to visit her later. I wish I wasn't going to visit her later.

In the case of 'will' , where 'will' means 'show willingness' we use 'would'.

• He won't help me. I wish he would help me.
• You're making too much noise. I wish you would be quiet.
• You keep interrupting me. I wish you wouldn't do that.

Where 'will' means a future event, we cannot use 'wish' and must use 'hope'.

• There's a strike tomorrow. I hope some buses will still be running.
• I hope everything will be fine in your new job.

In more formal English, we use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was' after 'wish'.

• I wish I were taller.
• I wish it were Saturday today.

I wish he were here.

B.     Wishes about the present and future

a.       We use “wish” + Past simple to express that we want a situation in the present (or future) to be different.

I wish I spoke English  ( mean : I don’t speak English )

I wish I had abig car ( mean : I don”t have a big car )

I wish It was the weekend tomorrow ( mean : It’s only Thursday tomorrow )

b.      We use “wish” + Past continuous to express that we want to be doing a different action in the present ( or future ).

I wish I was lying on the beach now. ( mean : I’m sitting in the office )

I wish you were not leaving tomorrow. ( mean : You are leaving tomorrow ).

C.    Wishes about the past

We use “wish” + past perfect to express a regret, or that we want a situation in the past to be different.

I wish I had not eaten so much. ( mean : I ate a lot )

I wish they would come on holiday with us. ( mean : They didn’t come on holiday with us ).

I Wish I had studied harder at school. ( mean : I was lazy at school ).

D.    Wish + Would

We use “wish” + would + bare infinitive to express impatience, annoyance or dissatisfaction with a present action.

I wish you would stop smoking.

( mean : You are smoking at the moment and it is annoying me )

I wish it would stop raining.

( mean : I’m impatient because it is raining and I want to go outside

I wish she would be quiet

( mean : I am annoyed because  she is speaking )

E.     Hopes

noun

1. the feeling that what is wanted can be had or that events will turn out for the best: to give up       hope.

2. a particular instance of this feeling: the hope of winning.

3. grounds for this feeling in a particular instance: There is little or no hope of his recovery.

4. a person or thing in which expectations are centered: The medicine was her last hope.

5. something that is hoped for: Her forgiveness is my constant hope.

–verb (used with object)

6. to look forward to with desire and reasonable confidence.

7. to believe, desire, or trust: I hope that my work will be satisfactory.

–verb (used without object)

8. to feel that something desired may happen: We hope for an early spring.

9. Archaic . to place trust; rely (usually fol. by in ).

—Idiom

10. hope against hope, to continue to hope, although the outlook does not warrant it: We are hoping against hope for a change in her condition.

1. ( sometimes plural ) a feeling of desire for something and confidence in the possibility of its fulfillment: his hope for peace was justified ; their hopes were dashed

 2. a reasonable ground for this feeling: there is still hope

3. a person or thing that gives cause for hope

 4. a thing, situation, or event that is desired: my hope is that prices will fall

5. not a hope , some hope  used ironically to express little confidence that expectations will be fulfilled   — vb  (often foll by for )

6. ( tr; takes a clause as object or an infinitive ) to desire (something) with some possibility of fulfillment: we hope you can come ; I hope to tell you

7. to have a wish (for a future event, situation, etc)

8. ( tr; takes a clause as object ) to trust, expect, or believe: we hope that this is satisfactory.

F.  Important Points

1. To express that you want something to happen in the future ( not talking about wanting an action or situation to be different, and not talking about impatience or annoyance ) we use “hope” not “wish”.

I hope it is sunny tomorrow.

I wish it was sunny tomorrow.

I hope she passes her exam next week.

I wish she were passing her exam next week.

I hope the plane doesn’t crash tomorrow.

I wish the plane wouldn’t crash tomorrow.

2. We can use “wish” + infinitive or “wish” + object + infinitive to mean want in a formal situation.

I wish to leave now. (+ infinitive)

I wish to speak to your supervisor please. (+ infinitive)

I do not wish my name to appear on the list. (+ object + infinitive)

3. we can use “(I) wish you” in fixed expression

I wish you a happy birthday.

We wish you good luck in you new job

CLOSING

Conclusion

Wish is a want something to happen  or be true even though it is unlucky or impossible. Hope is desire and expectation that something good will happen. Or want something to happen and think that is possible. Many way to express wish and hope. For example: I wish you all the best in your new job. Or I hope it is sunny tomorrow.

But, if we want to express a situation in the present to be different, we can use “wish + past simple” form.

For example: I wish I spoke English.

And if we want to express a different action in the present that we want to be doing, we can use “wish + past continuous” form.

For example: I wish I was lying on a beach now

If we want to express a regret or a situation in the past to be different, we can use “wish + past perfect” form.

For example: I wish I had not eaten so much.

And to simply express that we want something to happen in the future ( not talking about wanting an action or situation to be different, and not talking about impatience or annoyance ) we use “hope” not “wish”.

For example : I hope it is sunny.