INTRODUCTION
Background
Grammar is one part in learning English which should get priority especially in teaching and learning process. Grammar has an important role in English teaching and learning process because grammar permeates all language skills such as speaking, reading, writing, and listening. These four skills are usually considered as integrated system because they support each other. To most people, speaking is the most difficult part in learning a foreign language because it is usage sense involves the manifestation either of the phonological system or the grammatical system of the language.
Learner are often hesitate to speak because they are afraid of pronouncing the words correctly or they feel really shy about talking in front of the other because they don’t know how to speak correctly. For example if they want to give some advice for their friend, they must know the rule or the correct phrase for giving advice. It also works when we want to interviewing and reporting, we must know how to interviewing and reporting with correct way, word and phrase. Interviewing always happen in our dailylife whatever it’s on purpose or spontaneous. So how we can interviewing and reporting if we don’t know the correct words and phrase to interviewing and reporting. Because of that reason, the writer make a paper with title “Interviewing and Reporting” to help the learner for interviewing and reporting correctly.
DISCUSION
Interviewing And Reporting
A. Interviewing
An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee. Conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting. Interview - discuss formally with (somebody) for the purpose of an evaluation; "We interviewed the job candidates". Interview - the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists; "my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds". Interview - consultation: a conference (usually with someone important); "he had a consultation with the judge"; "he requested an audience with the king". Interviewer - a person who conducts an interview.
A job interview is a conversation which occurs between a potential employer and a job applicant. During the job interview, the employer hopes to determine whether or not the applicant is suitable for the job, while the applicant tries to learn more about the position while also impressing the employer. As a general rule, a job interview is an important part of the process of applying for a job, and it may range in formality from a casual conversation to a series of serious discussions with an assortment of people working within the company.
B. Six Steps to Interviewing
1. Prospect
Seek out the right companies. Read their company information. Ask question about the company from people who work there or know it well. This is also a job search.
2. Approach
What is the best way to contact them? Networking is almost always the best method of learning and connecting. What about the first impression? Dress appropriately.
3. Present
Every good sales rep has a 3 minute presentation rehearsed and ready to go. It is up to you to be sure the employer hears what is important about you. If they don’t ask the right question, be prepared to introduce information they should know.
4. Overcome Objections
How do you explain your weakness? Here is a good approach :
a. Choose a skill and explain the flip side
b. Explain what you do to ensure the weakness does not interfere.
Example : “because I am a divergent/creative person (a skill) I am interested in many things. So in order to avoid getting sidetracked from my task at hand (your weakness) I keep a daily log of tasks and prioritize them (how to compensate). See my pocket calendar here – I keep a running list of tasks to accomplish. It is better than just naming your weakness (like saying “I am absent-minded”). Try to anticipate potential weaknesses (lack of experience, youthfulness, etc). and work on explaining how these will not impair your work with that organization.
5. Close
Have a list 5-10 questions you want to ask the employer. They always ask you if you have question, so be ready. If you want to work for them, tell them you are very interested and excited about the possibilities.
6. Follow-Up
Always write a thank you. Get the names and addresses or all interviewers and send them a note. Email, written, phone, carrier-pigeon, and whatever.
C. Interview Success Factors
This information is based on an informal survey of recruiters at the Sloan Career development office.
· Verbal and written communication skills (including listening)
· Analytical/logical thinking/problem-solving skills
· Interest in industry/company/function
· Interpersonal comfort and skills
· Enthusiasm
· Knowing what they want/having focus
· Leadership skill
· Confidence
· Staying focused on the question & not going off on a tangent
· High energy (but not overwhelming)
· Ability to work well in teams
· Professionalism
· High degree of intelligence
· Personal presence
· Projecting substance/credibility
· Asking good questions/making statement that show
· Thought process
· Ability to think creatively
· Personal fit with company
· Clear, concise answers
· Honesty
D. Reporting
Reporting is just a genre of writing, alongside essays and stories, and bloggers most certainly fall into that genre.
when they talk about reporting on a show like Frontline, they mean the process a reporter goes through.
Most bloggers aren't doing this whole thing. Our process is different, and I'd argue no less rigorous, just more distributed, and step 2 is something everyone does for themselves.
E. Traditional Reporting
The three traditional reporting methods for gathering information for news story are trough interviews, observation and document searches.
1. Interviews
· Want to know what’s happening? Find people who know and talk to them. The best sources are folks who were or directly involved in the incident or subject that you’re covering.
· Introduce yourself and say for whom you are writing. If you are recording the interview, be sure to ask permission first. It is illegal in many place to record someone without their consent. If you are unsure of your ability to take accurate notes, record the interview. Start by getting the source’s name, and its spelling, as well his/her official title, if it is relevant to the story.
· Ask questions that cannot be answered with a “yes” or a “no”. instead, ask people to describe the incident or situation. Listen as they respond and imagine what additional information a reader would want. Then ask follow-up question to get information.
· Don’t get intimidated and feel afraid that you are asking “dumb” questions. If your source says something you do not understand, ask them to explain it in simpler terms. If something a source says does not make sense to you, say why and ask for an explanation. If you don’t understand something, your readers likely will not as well. Always be polite and respectful when interviewing someone, but respect your readers as well. Don’t allow a source to intimidated you into not asking tough, appropriate questions.
· If don’t know whom to interview, PowerReporting.com offers a list of sites where you can find experts to interviews on a wide range of subjects. If you end up dealing with a publicist, don’t let them lead you by the nose. Let them help you set up interviews and obtain information, but come up with your own questions and obtain information, but come up with your own questions and own ideas for the story.
2. Observation
· Your five senses can provide the details that help a make an otherwise dry story come to life for a reader. Even if you are just doing an interview, make note of the setting: what do you see? Hear? Smell? Feel? Drop those details into your story to help bring your reader into the place and the moment from where you are reporting.
· Be careful, however, not to load your story with gratuitous detail that demeans or insults your subject. We don’t need to know what color your interviewee’s hair is, unless it is relevant to the story.
· Try sitting someplace alone for 30 minutes, then write a story about what you saw, as practice in developing your observational skills.
3. Looking Trough Documents
· Online reporters can find thousands of stories lurking within data. Government database on crime, school test scores, population statics, accident reports, environment safety and more can keep a motivated writer busy for years. Web sites like The Smoking Gun attract thousands of readers a day simply by publishing fresh, interesting, quirky news found in public records. Documents also provide a great way to fact-check statement made by an interview subject.
· Start with voting records. Go to the country courthouse and ask to see the registration records for some of your local officials. How often do they vote? Have they always been in the same party? If something is public record, any member of the public has the right to inspect it. You need not work for some major news organization. That said, manners go along way in getting people to help you. Ask nicely and be genuinely kind to the folks working in government offices who get records for you.
· But you don’t need to leave your home to start inspecting official data. Go online and look through some of the sites linked from Powerreporting.com to find documents on the topics that interest you.
· Journalist often use computer-assisted reporting to find trends in large datasets, including budgets and crime reports. If you know how to use programs like Excel, Access and MapInfo, you can cross-check any number of interesting public databases, such as a list of school district employees with criminal convictions. Or you can use mapping software and police traffic reports to find the intersections with the most accidents. Or to find the most common speed traps.
· No matter which method you use. And you should try to use them all on each story. You want to find information that illustrates and explains the issue or incident you are writing about. It’s basic nature to start with an assumption of your own. But look for information that challenges or contradicts your assumptions. Don’t just cast a story, looking for quotes and data that supports your opinion, while ignoring information that doesn’t. Great reporters cycle through the process many times in pursuit of their stories. They go back and do more interviews, look for more documents and spend more time observing as their initial reporting leads them different directions.
· Check, check and double check your facts. Try not to make mistakes when transcribing an interview, copying data from official records or describing something you have been seen. Everyone makes a mistakes at some point, but that does not excuse carelessness.
CLOSING
Conclusion
An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee. A job interview is a conversation which occurs between a potential employer and a job applicant. During the job interview, the employer hopes to determine whether or not the applicant is suitable for the job, while the applicant tries to learn more about the position while also impressing the employer. There are six steps to interviewing. They are prospect, approach, present, overcome objections, close, follow-up
Reporting is just a genre of writing, alongside essays and stories, and bloggers most certainly fall into that genre. The process a reporter goes through interviews, research, assemble a story, fact-checking and editing, and publishing. But some bloggers don’t do this thing. In traditional reporting, there are three methods for gathering information for a news story. They are interviews, observation and document searches.
